feat: 搭建 Vulkan 1.4 渲染器骨架，绘制旋转 3D 立方体
使用 Vulkan 1.4 现代路径初始化引擎骨架： - 用 Shader Object (VK_EXT_shader_object) 替代传统 VkPipeline - 用 Dynamic Rendering 替代 RenderPass/Framebuffer - 用 Synchronization2 管理 barrier 核心模块： - Window：GLFW 封装，GLFW_NO_API 模式，兼容 Wayland - Log：spdlog 封装 - Types：u32/u64/f32 类型别名 Vulkan 后端： - Device：Instance、PhysicalDevice、LogicalDevice、Queue 及 feature 查询 - Swapchain：Image、ImageView、DepthBuffer、Recreate - ShaderManager：SPIR-V 加载与 ShaderEXT 创建 - CommandManager：CommandPool 与主 CommandBuffer - SyncManager：per-frame Fence 与 ImageAvailable semaphore，per-image RenderFinished semaphore，2 frames in flight - MemoryAllocator：内存子分配器，256MB block，persistent mapping - Buffer：VertexBuffer、IndexBuffer、UniformBuffer 封装 - UniformBuffer：每帧上传 MVP 矩阵 - DescriptorManager：DescriptorSetLayout、DescriptorPool、DescriptorSet 及更新 Renderer： - 协调所有子系统 - 绘制每面不同颜色的旋转 3D 立方体 - 启用 depth test，MVP 矩阵由 GLM 计算 构建： - CMake 组织 Engine 静态库与 App 可执行文件 - glfw、glm、spdlog 通过 add_subdirectory 引入
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//
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// Created by atdunbg on 2026/9/20.
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//
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#include <Engine/Vulkan/Swapchain.h>
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#include <Engine/Vulkan/Device.h>
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#include <Engine/Core/Window.h>
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#include <Engine/Core/Log.h>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <limits>
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#include "Engine/Vulkan/MemoryAllocator.h"
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namespace Engine
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{
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Swapchain::Swapchain(Device& device, MemoryAllocator& allocator, Window& window)
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: m_Device(device), m_Allocator(allocator)
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{
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Create(window);
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}
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Swapchain::~Swapchain()
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{
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Destroy();
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}
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void Swapchain::Create(Window& window)
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{
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const auto& vkDevice = m_Device.GetDevice();
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auto surface = m_Device.GetSurface();
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auto physicalDevice = m_Device.GetPhysicalDevice();
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// 查询支持
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auto caps = physicalDevice.getSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(surface);
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auto formats = physicalDevice.getSurfaceFormatsKHR(surface);
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auto modes = physicalDevice.getSurfacePresentModesKHR(surface);
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auto surfaceFormat = ChooseSurfaceFormat(formats);
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auto presentMode = ChoosePresentMode(modes);
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auto extent = ChooseExtent(caps, window);
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m_Format = surfaceFormat.format;
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m_Extent = extent;
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// 交换链 image 数量
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uint32_t imageCount = caps.minImageCount + 1;
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if (caps.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > caps.maxImageCount)
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{
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imageCount = caps.maxImageCount;
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}
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vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
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createInfo.setSurface(surface)
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.setMinImageCount(imageCount)
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.setImageFormat(surfaceFormat.format)
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.setImageColorSpace(surfaceFormat.colorSpace)
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.setImageExtent(extent)
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.setImageArrayLayers(1)
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.setImageUsage(vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment)
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.setImageSharingMode(vk::SharingMode::eExclusive)
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.setPreTransform(caps.currentTransform)
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.setCompositeAlpha(vk::CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR::eOpaque)
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.setPresentMode(presentMode)
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.setClipped(VK_TRUE)
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.setOldSwapchain(nullptr);
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// graphics 和 present 队列族不同时，用 concurrent
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uint32_t indices[] = {m_Device.GetGraphicsFamily(), m_Device.GetPresentFamily()};
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if (indices[0] != indices[1])
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{
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createInfo.setImageSharingMode(vk::SharingMode::eConcurrent)
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.setQueueFamilyIndices(indices);
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}
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m_Swapchain = vkDevice.createSwapchainKHR(createInfo);
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// 拿 image
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m_Images = vkDevice.getSwapchainImagesKHR(m_Swapchain);
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// 创建 image view
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m_ImageViews.resize(m_Images.size());
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for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Images.size(); ++i)
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{
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vk::ImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo;
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viewInfo.setImage(m_Images[i])
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.setViewType(vk::ImageViewType::e2D)
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.setFormat(m_Format)
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.setSubresourceRange({
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vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
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0, 1,
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0, 1
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});
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m_ImageViews[i] = vkDevice.createImageView(viewInfo);
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}
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ENGINE_INFO("Swapchain created: {}x{}, {} images, format={}",
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m_Extent.width, m_Extent.height,
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m_Images.size(),
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vk::to_string(m_Format));
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CreateDepthResources();
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}
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void Swapchain::Destroy()
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{
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DestroyDepthResources();
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const auto& vkDevice = m_Device.GetDevice();
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for (auto view : m_ImageViews)
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{
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vkDevice.destroyImageView(view);
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}
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m_ImageViews.clear();
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m_Images.clear();
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if (m_Swapchain)
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{
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vkDevice.destroySwapchainKHR(m_Swapchain);
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m_Swapchain = nullptr;
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}
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}
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void Swapchain::Recreate(Window& window)
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{
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const auto& vkDevice = m_Device.GetDevice();
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vkDevice.waitIdle();
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Destroy();
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Create(window);
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ENGINE_INFO("Swapchain recreated: {}x{}", m_Extent.width, m_Extent.height);
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}
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// ---------- 选择函数 ----------
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vk::SurfaceFormatKHR Swapchain::ChooseSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>& formats)
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{
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for (const auto& f : formats)
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{
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if (f.format == vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Srgb &&
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f.colorSpace == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::eSrgbNonlinear)
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{
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return f;
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}
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}
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return formats[0];
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}
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vk::PresentModeKHR Swapchain::ChoosePresentMode(const std::vector<vk::PresentModeKHR>& modes)
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{
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for (const auto& m : modes)
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{
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if (m == vk::PresentModeKHR::eMailbox)
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{
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return m;
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}
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}
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return vk::PresentModeKHR::eFifo;
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}
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vk::Extent2D Swapchain::ChooseExtent(const vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& caps, Window& window)
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{
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if (caps.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
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{
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return caps.currentExtent;
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}
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vk::Extent2D extent = {
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static_cast<uint32_t>(window.GetWidth()),
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static_cast<uint32_t>(window.GetHeight())
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};
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extent.width = std::clamp(extent.width, caps.minImageExtent.width, caps.maxImageExtent.width);
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extent.height = std::clamp(extent.height, caps.minImageExtent.height, caps.maxImageExtent.height);
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return extent;
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}
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vk::Format Swapchain::FindDepthFormat()
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{
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// 优先 D32_SFLOAT，退回 D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT，再退回 D24_UNORM_S8_UINT
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std::array<vk::Format, 3> candidates = {
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vk::Format::eD32Sfloat,
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vk::Format::eD32SfloatS8Uint,
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vk::Format::eD24UnormS8Uint
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};
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for (auto format : candidates)
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{
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auto props = m_Device.GetPhysicalDevice().getFormatProperties(format);
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if (props.optimalTilingFeatures & vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment)
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{
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return format;
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}
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}
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ENGINE_FATAL("No depth format supported");
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return vk::Format::eD32Sfloat;
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}
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void Swapchain::CreateDepthResources()
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{
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m_DepthFormat = FindDepthFormat();
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vk::ImageCreateInfo imageInfo;
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imageInfo.setImageType(vk::ImageType::e2D)
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.setFormat(m_DepthFormat)
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.setExtent({m_Extent.width, m_Extent.height, 1})
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.setMipLevels(1)
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.setArrayLayers(1)
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.setSamples(vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1)
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.setTiling(vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal)
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.setUsage(vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment)
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.setSharingMode(vk::SharingMode::eExclusive)
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.setInitialLayout(vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined);
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m_DepthImage = m_Device.GetDevice().createImage(imageInfo);
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auto reqs = m_Device.GetDevice().getImageMemoryRequirements(m_DepthImage);
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auto alloc = m_Allocator.Allocate(reqs, vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal);
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m_DepthMemory = alloc.Memory;
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m_Device.GetDevice().bindImageMemory(m_DepthImage, m_DepthMemory, alloc.Offset);
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vk::ImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo;
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viewInfo.setImage(m_DepthImage)
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.setViewType(vk::ImageViewType::e2D)
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.setFormat(m_DepthFormat)
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.setSubresourceRange({
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vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth,
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0, 1, 0, 1
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});
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m_DepthImageView = m_Device.GetDevice().createImageView(viewInfo);
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}
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void Swapchain::DestroyDepthResources()
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{
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const auto& vkDevice = m_Device.GetDevice();
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if (m_DepthImageView)
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{
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vkDevice.destroyImageView(m_DepthImageView);
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m_DepthImageView = nullptr;
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}
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if (m_DepthImage)
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{
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vkDevice.destroyImage(m_DepthImage);
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m_DepthImage = nullptr;
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}
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// 内存由 MemoryAllocator 统一释放
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}
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} // namespace Engine
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