diff --git a/App/editor/Editor.cpp b/App/editor/Editor.cpp
index 7eeffdb..da74d09 100644
--- a/App/editor/Editor.cpp
+++ b/App/editor/Editor.cpp
@@ -108,9 +108,8 @@ void Editor::DoStop()
 {
     if (!m_Ctx.scene || !m_Ctx.assets || !m_Ctx.renderer) return;
 
-    std::string envPath;
     if (!Serialization::SceneSerializer::DeserializeFromString(
-            *m_Ctx.scene, *m_Ctx.assets, m_PlaySnapshot, envPath))
+            *m_Ctx.scene, *m_Ctx.assets, m_PlaySnapshot))
     {
         ENGINE_ERROR("PIE: snapshot restore failed (scene is now the "
                      "played-out state)");
@@ -445,16 +444,8 @@ void Editor::DoSaveScene()
     std::filesystem::create_directories(
         std::filesystem::path(path).parent_path(), ec);
 
-    // 环境路径：引擎序列化器只认字符串，查表由编辑器侧负责
-    std::string envPath;
-    if (m_Ctx.getEnvIndex)
-    {
-        const int idx = m_Ctx.getEnvIndex();
-        if (idx >= 0 && idx < kEnvCount) envPath = kEnvPaths[idx];
-    }
-
     if (Serialization::SceneSerializer::Serialize(*m_Ctx.scene, *m_Ctx.assets,
-                                                  path, envPath))
+                                                  path))
     {
         ENGINE_INFO("Editor: scene saved to '{}'", path);
     }
@@ -472,10 +463,8 @@ void Editor::DoLoadScene()
         return;
     }
 
-    std::string envPath;
     if (!Serialization::SceneSerializer::Deserialize(*m_Ctx.scene,
-                                                     *m_Ctx.assets, path,
-                                                     envPath))
+                                                     *m_Ctx.assets, path))
     {
         ENGINE_ERROR("Editor: failed to load scene '{}'", path);
         return;
@@ -484,29 +473,4 @@ void Editor::DoLoadScene()
 
     // 旧实体已销毁：清选中（连带清描边，见 SelectEntity）
     SelectEntity(entt::null);
-
-    // 环境恢复：场景带环境且命中环境表才切换（镜像 StatsPanel 同步路径）
-    if (!envPath.empty() && m_Ctx.getEnvIndex && m_Ctx.setEnvIndex)
-    {
-        int found = -1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < kEnvCount; ++i)
-        {
-            if (envPath == kEnvPaths[i]) { found = i; break; }
-        }
-        if (found >= 0)
-        {
-            m_Ctx.setEnvIndex(found);
-            const auto env = m_Ctx.assets->LoadEnvironment(kEnvPaths[found]);
-            if (env.Valid())
-            {
-                m_Ctx.renderer->SetEnvironment(
-                    m_Ctx.assets->GetEnvironment(env));
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ENGINE_WARN("Editor: scene env '{}' not in env table, "
-                        "keeping current", envPath);
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/App/editor/EditorContext.h b/App/editor/EditorContext.h
index e0cf07c..95a618a 100644
--- a/App/editor/EditorContext.h
+++ b/App/editor/EditorContext.h
@@ -15,22 +15,6 @@
 #include <Engine/Renderer/EditorCamera.h>
 #include <Engine/Renderer/SceneTypes.h>   // kDisplayViewport / kDisplayDirect
 
-#include <functional>
-
-// 可切换环境（IBL 动态切换）：StatsPanel 的 Combo 与 SandboxApp 的
-// 加载逻辑共用这一张表（下标即身份）。
-inline constexpr const char *kEnvPaths[] = {
-    "assets/textures/venice_dawn_1_4k.hdr",
-    "assets/textures/rooitou_park_4k.hdr",
-    "assets/textures/pink_sunrise_4k.hdr",
-    "assets/textures/birchwood_4k.hdr",
-};
-inline constexpr const char *kEnvNames[] = {
-    "Venice Dawn", "Rooitou Park", "Pink Sunrise", "Birchwood",
-};
-inline constexpr int kEnvCount = 4;
-inline constexpr int kDefaultEnv = 0;
-
 // 沙盒特有状态（面板可选读取，空指针 = 该面板区块不显示）
 struct EditorContext {
     // 引擎门面
@@ -45,9 +29,6 @@ struct EditorContext {
     // PIE 运行态（Play-In-Editor）：Editor 持有，只读指针。
     // 面板门控用——运行态禁 Gizmo/编辑器热键，渲染源已是 primary 相机
     const bool *playState = nullptr;
-
-    std::function<int()> getEnvIndex; // 当前环境表下标
-    std::function<void(int)> setEnvIndex;
 };
 
 #endif //HELLOVULKAN_EDITORCONTEXT_H
diff --git a/App/editor/HierarchyPanel.cpp b/App/editor/HierarchyPanel.cpp
index 88dec7d..2fdbef3 100644
--- a/App/editor/HierarchyPanel.cpp
+++ b/App/editor/HierarchyPanel.cpp
@@ -148,11 +148,39 @@ void HierarchyPanel::Draw(const EditorContext& ctx, entt::entity& selected)
 {
     ImGui::Begin("Outliner");
 
-    // 工具栏：创建实体（在遍历之前，不修改遍历中的注册表结构）
-    if (ImGui::Button("+ Create Entity"))
+    // 工具栏：创建实体（在遍历之前，不修改遍历中的注册表结构）。
+    // Place Actors 简化语义：常用类型一键带组件，其余 Add Component 补
+    if (ImGui::Button("+ Create"))
     {
-        const auto e = ctx.scene->CreateEntity("Entity");
-        selected = e;
+        ImGui::OpenPopup("create_entity");
+    }
+    if (ImGui::BeginPopup("create_entity"))
+    {
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Empty"))
+        {
+            selected = ctx.scene->CreateEntity("Entity");
+        }
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Light"))
+        {
+            auto e = ctx.scene->CreateEntity("Light");
+            e.AddComponent<Engine::ECS::LightComponent>();
+            selected = e;
+        }
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Camera"))
+        {
+            auto e = ctx.scene->CreateEntity("Camera");
+            e.AddComponent<Engine::ECS::CameraComponent>();
+            selected = e;
+        }
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Environment"))
+        {
+            // UE 新关卡环境集简化：Skybox（背景）+ SkyLight（环境光）一体
+            auto e = ctx.scene->CreateEntity("Environment");
+            e.AddComponent<Engine::ECS::SkyboxComponent>();
+            e.AddComponent<Engine::ECS::SkyLightComponent>();
+            selected = e;
+        }
+        ImGui::EndPopup();
     }
     ImGui::Separator();
 
diff --git a/App/editor/InspectorPanel.cpp b/App/editor/InspectorPanel.cpp
index 74e9a48..f9bb54e 100644
--- a/App/editor/InspectorPanel.cpp
+++ b/App/editor/InspectorPanel.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,39 @@ namespace
         return s_Files;
     }
 
+    // 递归收集 assets/ 下环境贴图（.hdr，Skybox 资产槽用；会话级缓存同上）
+    const std::vector<std::string>& AssetEnvFiles()
+    {
+        static std::vector<std::string> s_Files;
+        static bool s_Cached = false;
+        if (!s_Cached)
+        {
+            s_Cached = true;
+            namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+            if (fs::exists("assets"))
+            {
+                for (const auto& entry :
+                     fs::recursive_directory_iterator("assets"))
+                {
+                    if (!entry.is_regular_file())
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    std::string ext = entry.path().extension().string();
+                    std::transform(ext.begin(), ext.end(), ext.begin(),
+                                   [](unsigned char c)
+                                   { return std::tolower(c); });
+                    if (ext == ".hdr")
+                    {
+                        s_Files.push_back(entry.path().generic_string());
+                    }
+                }
+                std::sort(s_Files.begin(), s_Files.end());
+            }
+        }
+        return s_Files;
+    }
+
     // InputText 需要 char 缓冲；提交时写回 std::string
     bool InputTextString(const char* label, std::string& str)
     {
@@ -198,6 +231,9 @@ void InspectorPanel::Draw(const EditorContext& ctx, entt::entity selected)
         menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::MeshRendererComponent*>(nullptr),
                  "Mesh Renderer");
         menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::LightComponent*>(nullptr), "Light");
+        menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::SkyboxComponent*>(nullptr), "Skybox");
+        menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::SkyLightComponent*>(nullptr),
+                 "Sky Light");
         menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::CameraComponent*>(nullptr), "Camera");
         menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::AnimationComponent*>(nullptr), "Animation");
         menuItem(static_cast<Engine::ECS::NameComponent*>(nullptr), "Name");
@@ -417,6 +453,78 @@ void InspectorPanel::Draw(const EditorContext& ctx, entt::entity selected)
         }
     }
 
+    // ---- Skybox（UE Skybox Actor 语义：环境贴图 = 实体资产槽）----
+    if (auto* sb = reg.try_get<Engine::ECS::SkyboxComponent>(selected))
+    {
+        bool removeSb = false;
+        if (ComponentHeader("Skybox", &sb->active, true, &removeSb))
+        {
+            if (!sb->active)
+            {
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled(true);
+            }
+            // 环境贴图资产槽（模型槽同款：下拉列 assets/ 下 .hdr，选中
+            // 即加载；空 = 无环境，只露清屏色）。渲染侧由 Renderer 按
+            // 帧数据差量同步（路径变化才重载），此处零额外同步
+            {
+                const auto& s_EnvFiles = AssetEnvFiles();
+                std::vector<const char*> opts;
+                opts.push_back("<none>");
+                for (const auto& f : s_EnvFiles)
+                {
+                    opts.push_back(f.c_str());
+                }
+                int sel = 0;
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < s_EnvFiles.size(); ++k)
+                {
+                    if (s_EnvFiles[k] == sb->envPath)
+                    {
+                        sel = static_cast<int>(k) + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-1.0f);
+                if (ImGui::Combo("##env_slot", &sel, opts.data(),
+                                 static_cast<int>(opts.size())))
+                {
+                    sb->envPath = (sel <= 0)
+                        ? std::string{}
+                        : s_EnvFiles[static_cast<size_t>(sel) - 1];
+                }
+                ImGui::TextDisabled("(empty = clear color only)");
+            }
+            if (!sb->active)
+            {
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            }
+        }
+        if (removeSb)
+        {
+            reg.remove<Engine::ECS::SkyboxComponent>(selected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- SkyLight（UE SkyLight 语义：全局环境光）----
+    if (auto* sl = reg.try_get<Engine::ECS::SkyLightComponent>(selected))
+    {
+        bool removeSl = false;
+        if (ComponentHeader("Sky Light", &sl->active, true, &removeSl))
+        {
+            if (!sl->active)
+            {
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled(true);
+            }
+            ImGui::ColorEdit4("ambient", &sl->ambientColor.x);
+            if (!sl->active)
+            {
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            }
+        }
+        if (removeSl)
+        {
+            reg.remove<Engine::ECS::SkyLightComponent>(selected);
+        }
+    }
+
     // ---- Camera ----
     if (auto* cam = reg.try_get<Engine::ECS::CameraComponent>(selected))
     {
diff --git a/App/editor/StatsPanel.cpp b/App/editor/StatsPanel.cpp
index 8d6797a..cb2fe35 100644
--- a/App/editor/StatsPanel.cpp
+++ b/App/editor/StatsPanel.cpp
@@ -120,34 +120,20 @@ void StatsPanel::Draw(const EditorContext& ctx)
         }
     }
 
-    // ---- Environment：IBL 环境 + 调试视图（决定"看什么"）----
+    // ---- Environment：清屏色 + 调试视图（决定"看什么"）。
+    //      环境贴图/环境光已迁为实体组件（Skybox/SkyLight），在 Details 配 ----
     if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Environment", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
     {
-        bool& drawSkybox = ctx.scene->GetSettings().DrawSkybox;
-        ImGui::Checkbox("DrawSkybox", &drawSkybox);
-        if (drawSkybox && ctx.getEnvIndex)
-        {
-            int envIdx = ctx.getEnvIndex();
-            if (ImGui::Combo("env", &envIdx, kEnvNames, kEnvCount))
-            {
-                ctx.setEnvIndex(envIdx);
-                const auto env = ctx.assets->LoadEnvironment(kEnvPaths[envIdx]);
-                ctx.renderer->SetEnvironment(ctx.assets->GetEnvironment(env));
-            }
+        ImGui::ColorEdit4("ClearColor",
+                          glm::value_ptr(ctx.scene->GetSettings().ClearColor));
 
-            // 调试视图：单看某个 pass 的中间输出（类 UE pass debug）
-            const auto& viewNames = renderer.GetDebugViewNames();
-            int view = renderer.GetDebugView();
-            if (ImGui::Combo("Debug View", &view, viewNames.data(),
-                             static_cast<int>(viewNames.size())))
-            {
-                renderer.SetDebugView(view);
-            }
-        }
-        else
+        // 调试视图：单看某个 pass 的中间输出（类 UE pass debug）
+        const auto& viewNames = renderer.GetDebugViewNames();
+        int view = renderer.GetDebugView();
+        if (ImGui::Combo("Debug View", &view, viewNames.data(),
+                         static_cast<int>(viewNames.size())))
         {
-            ImGui::ColorEdit4("ClearColor",
-                              glm::value_ptr(ctx.scene->GetSettings().ClearColor));
+            renderer.SetDebugView(view);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/App/main.cpp b/App/main.cpp
index d9542dc..19af26a 100644
--- a/App/main.cpp
+++ b/App/main.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
 
 #include "Editor.h"
-#include "EditorContext.h"   // kEnvPaths / kDefaultEnv（与 StatsPanel 共用）
+#include "EditorContext.h"
 
 using namespace Engine;
 
@@ -117,8 +117,6 @@ namespace
             ctx.assets = &GetAssets();
             ctx.app = this;
             ctx.editorCamera = &GetRenderer().GetEditorCamera();
-            ctx.getEnvIndex = [this] { return m_EnvIndex; };
-            ctx.setEnvIndex = [this](int index) { m_EnvIndex = index; };
             // 继承原沙盒默认：初始暂停（StatsPanel 的 Pause Simulation 开关恢复）
             Time::SetTimeScale(0.0f);
             m_Editor->Init(ctx);
@@ -135,7 +133,6 @@ namespace
 
     private:
         std::unique_ptr<Editor> m_Editor = std::make_unique<Editor>();
-        int m_EnvIndex = kDefaultEnv;
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Components.h b/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Components.h
index d375089..2be5255 100644
--- a/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Components.h
+++ b/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Components.h
@@ -377,6 +377,22 @@ namespace Engine::ECS {
         bool operator==(const ScriptComponent&) const = default;
     };
 
+    // 天空盒/环境背景（UE Skybox Actor 语义：环境是场景里的 Actor +
+    // 组件，不是常驻全局设置）。envPath = 环境贴图资产（.hdr，经
+    // AssetManager 加载、Renderer 预积分后进 IBL/Skybox pass）；空 =
+    // 只清屏（ClearColor 露出）。多实例取第一个 active（entt 视图序 =
+    // 组件创建序，首个命中即稳定）
+    struct SkyboxComponent {
+        bool active = true;      // 禁用 = 不画天空（清屏色露出）
+        std::string envPath;
+    };
+
+    // 环境光（UE SkyLight 语义：全局漫射环境照明）。多实例取第一个 active
+    struct SkyLightComponent {
+        bool active = true;
+        glm::vec4 ambientColor{0.07f, 0.07f, 0.09f, 0.0f};   // 旧 Settings 默认
+    };
+
 } // namespace Engine::ECS
 
 #endif //HELLOVULKAN_COMPONENTS_H
diff --git a/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Scene.h b/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Scene.h
index c77e639..301f22e 100644
--- a/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Scene.h
+++ b/Engine/include/Engine/ECS/Scene.h
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ namespace Engine::ECS {
         Scene& operator=(const Scene&) = delete;
 
         // ---- 场景级设置 ----
+        // 环境类设置已迁为环境实体组件（SkyboxComponent/SkyLightComponent，
+        // UE Skybox/SkyLight Actor 语义）；仅保留渲Target清屏色
         struct Settings {
             glm::vec4 ClearColor = {0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0};
-            glm::vec4 AmbientColor{0.07f, 0.07f, 0.09f, 0.0f};
-            bool DrawSkybox = true;
         };
         Settings& GetSettings() { return m_Settings; }
         const Settings& GetSettings() const { return m_Settings; }   // 序列化只读
diff --git a/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/Renderer.h b/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/Renderer.h
index 956e8c3..e04fed2 100644
--- a/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/Renderer.h
+++ b/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/Renderer.h
@@ -211,6 +211,8 @@ namespace Engine {
         // 中性兜底环境（IBL 四件套）：Application 未加载/加载失败时保底；
         // 声明在 m_Passes 之前 → 析构晚于 pass（引用安全）
         Scope<Cubemap> m_Environment;
+        // 当前绑定环境的资产路径（帧数据 envPath 差量同步基准；空 = 兜底）
+        std::string m_ActiveEnvPath;
         Scope<Swapchain> m_Swapchain;
         Scope<SyncManager> m_SyncManager;
         Scope<CommandManager> m_CommandManager;
diff --git a/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/SceneTypes.h b/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/SceneTypes.h
index 295289d..cfefefd 100644
--- a/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/SceneTypes.h
+++ b/Engine/include/Engine/Renderer/SceneTypes.h
@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ namespace Engine {
 
         glm::vec4 ClearColor{0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0};
         bool DrawSkybox = true;
+        // 本帧生效的环境贴图资产路径（来自第一个 active 的
+        // SkyboxComponent；空 = 无环境 → Renderer 回中性兜底 cubemap）。
+        // Renderer 据此与当前已绑定环境做差量同步（路径变化才重载）
+        std::string envPath;
 
         // 天空盒反投影矩阵：inverse(projNoJitter × mat4(mat3(view)))
         //（视图去平移只留旋转 → 反投影结果即世界方向；Skybox pass push）
diff --git a/Engine/include/Engine/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h b/Engine/include/Engine/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h
index 6c48db5..673b3d2 100644
--- a/Engine/include/Engine/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h
+++ b/Engine/include/Engine/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h
@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@
 // 场景内资产引用双写 {Guid, Path}：GUID 是主键（重命名/移动资产不断
 // 引用），Path 是人工可读提示 + 注册表缺失时的解析兜底。
 //
-// 引擎层身份：本类不感知编辑器（kEnvPaths 表）与渲染器——
-// environmentPath 以普通字符串经参数进出，消费方（编辑器/游戏运行时）
-// 自行解释。一套 API 服务两个消费者：编辑器 File 菜单 与
-// 游戏运行时动态加载，不存在"另一套序列化"。
+// 引擎层身份：本类不感知编辑器与渲染器。环境 = 场景实体组件
+//（SkyboxComponent/SkyLightComponent，UE Skybox/SkyLight Actor 语义），
+// 随实体序列化，场景级仅存清屏色。
 //
 // 前向兼容（Prefab 路线预留）：
 //   - 场景 = 实体节点列表，Prefab 复用同一套实体读写函数
 //   - Version 闸：高版本文件拒载并 WARN，低版本宽容
 //   - 未知组件名跳过（Unity 语义：新版场景在旧版引擎打开可玩）
 //   - UUID 重复 → 重新生成（即 Prefab 实例化的 ID 重映射）
+//   - 旧档 v1 环境语义（文档头 Environment + Settings.AmbientColor/
+//     DrawSkybox）→ 自动补建 Environment 实体，视觉等价迁移
 //
-
 #ifndef HELLOVULKAN_SCENESERIALIZER_H
 #define HELLOVULKAN_SCENESERIALIZER_H
 
@@ -37,42 +37,35 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
     class SceneSerializer {
     public:
         // ---- 保存 ----
-        // scene 序列化到 outPath（YAML）。environmentPath 可空（不写
-        // Environment 字段）。失败（无法写文件）返回 false。
+        // scene 序列化到 outPath（YAML）。失败（无法写文件）返回 false。
         static bool Serialize(const ECS::Scene& scene,
                               Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-                              const std::string& outPath,
-                              const std::string& environmentPath = {});
+                              const std::string& outPath);
 
         // ---- 加载 ----
         // 原子换血：先解析校验到中间结构，全部成功才 scene.Clear() 重建
-        //（解析失败不动现场）。成功时 outEnvironmentPath 带回场景记录的
-        // 环境路径（空 = 场景未带环境，消费方保持当前环境即可）。
+        //（解析失败不动现场）。
         // 健壮性：单实体损坏跳过继续、缺字段取默认值、未知组件跳过、
         // UUID 重复重新生成、YAML 异常优雅报错。
         // 注意：调用方持有的 Entity/EntityHandle 在成功后全部悬空，
         // 必须重解析（Scene::GetEntityHandle / 按 UUID 查询）。
         static bool Deserialize(ECS::Scene& scene,
                                 Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-                                const std::string& inPath,
-                                std::string& outEnvironmentPath);
+                                const std::string& inPath);
 
         // ---- 内存快照（同一套实体读写，不同载体）----
         // 消费者：编辑器 Play-In-Editor 快照恢复、Prefab、运行时动态
-        // 拼装场景。documentName 仅写入文档头 "Scene" 字段（注释性），
-        // 快照可传实体名或留空；environmentPath 语义同文件版。
+        // 拼装场景。documentName 仅写入文档头 "Scene" 字段（注释性）。
         static std::string SerializeToString(
             const ECS::Scene& scene,
             Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-            const std::string& documentName = {},
-            const std::string& environmentPath = {});
+            const std::string& documentName = {});
 
         // 失败（YAML 异常/版本过高）返回 false 且不动现场。
         // 实体悬空语义同文件版 Deserialize。
         static bool DeserializeFromString(ECS::Scene& scene,
                                           Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-                                          const std::string& yamlText,
-                                          std::string& outEnvironmentPath);
+                                          const std::string& yamlText);
     };
 
 } // namespace Engine::Serialization
diff --git a/Engine/src/Renderer/Renderer.cpp b/Engine/src/Renderer/Renderer.cpp
index a2630ae..ffb000a 100644
--- a/Engine/src/Renderer/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/Engine/src/Renderer/Renderer.cpp
@@ -601,6 +601,31 @@ namespace Engine
         }
         const FrameSceneData& frame = m_SceneRenderer->Frame();
 
+        // 1.5 环境差量同步（UE 语义：环境是场景组件数据，渲染器被动跟随）。
+        // 帧数据 envPath 与当前已绑定环境做比较，路径变化才重载/重绑
+        //（LoadEnvironment 缓存命中零开销；失效路径一次失败即记，
+        // 不逐帧重试，路径改回时自然恢复）
+        if (frame.envPath != m_ActiveEnvPath)
+        {
+            m_ActiveEnvPath = frame.envPath;
+            if (m_ActiveEnvPath.empty())
+            {
+                SetEnvironment(nullptr);   // 回中性兜底
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                const auto ref = assets.LoadEnvironment(m_ActiveEnvPath);
+                SetEnvironment(ref.Valid() ? assets.GetEnvironment(ref)
+                                           : nullptr);
+                if (!ref.Valid())
+                {
+                    ENGINE_WARN("Renderer: env '{}' failed to load, "
+                                "neutral fallback active",
+                                m_ActiveEnvPath);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // 2. 等本槽位 fence → 写 UBO/SSBO → reset（写-读竞争关闭）
         m_SyncManager->WaitFence(frameSlot);
         ReadGpuTimes(frameSlot);   // fence 已等：上一轮该槽位的查询已就绪
diff --git a/Engine/src/Renderer/SceneRenderer.cpp b/Engine/src/Renderer/SceneRenderer.cpp
index 8cc5ade..abeef82 100644
--- a/Engine/src/Renderer/SceneRenderer.cpp
+++ b/Engine/src/Renderer/SceneRenderer.cpp
@@ -312,11 +312,35 @@ namespace Engine
             ubo.proj[2][1] += jy * 2.0f / static_cast<f32>(targetExtent.height);
         }
 
-        ubo.ambientColor = scene.GetSettings().AmbientColor;
+        // ---- 环境组件落帧（UE SkyLight/Skybox Actor 语义）：场景环境
+        //      是实体组件而非全局设置。多实例取第一个 active（entt
+        //      视图序 = 组件创建序，首个命中稳定）；无组件场景兜底 =
+        //      无天空 + 旧 Settings 默认环境光（空场景清屏可渲染）----
+        m_Frame.DrawSkybox = false;
+        m_Frame.envPath.clear();
+        ubo.ambientColor = glm::vec4{0.07f, 0.07f, 0.09f, 0.0f};
+        for (auto&& [e, sb] :
+             scene.GetRegistry().view<ECS::SkyboxComponent>().each())
+        {
+            if (sb.active)
+            {
+                m_Frame.DrawSkybox = true;
+                m_Frame.envPath = sb.envPath;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto&& [e, sl] :
+             scene.GetRegistry().view<ECS::SkyLightComponent>().each())
+        {
+            if (sl.active)
+            {
+                ubo.ambientColor = sl.ambientColor;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
 
         // ---- 运行时开关/调试视图落帧（各 pass 与 frag 只读契约字段）----
         m_Frame.ClearColor = scene.GetSettings().ClearColor;
-        m_Frame.DrawSkybox = scene.GetSettings().DrawSkybox;
         m_Frame.shadowsEnabled = m_ShadowsEnabled;
         m_Frame.taaEnabled = m_TAAEnabled;
         m_Frame.bloomEnabled = m_BloomEnabled;
diff --git a/Engine/src/Serialization/SceneSerializer.cpp b/Engine/src/Serialization/SceneSerializer.cpp
index 0bc62cd..be4f926 100644
--- a/Engine/src/Serialization/SceneSerializer.cpp
+++ b/Engine/src/Serialization/SceneSerializer.cpp
@@ -279,6 +279,21 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
                 out << YAML::EndMap;
             }
 
+            if (const auto* sb = reg.try_get<ECS::SkyboxComponent>(e)) {
+                out << YAML::Key << "Skybox" << YAML::Value << YAML::BeginMap;
+                out << YAML::Key << "Active" << YAML::Value << sb->active;
+                out << YAML::Key << "EnvMap" << YAML::Value << sb->envPath;
+                out << YAML::EndMap;
+            }
+
+            if (const auto* sl = reg.try_get<ECS::SkyLightComponent>(e)) {
+                out << YAML::Key << "SkyLight" << YAML::Value << YAML::BeginMap;
+                out << YAML::Key << "Ambient" << YAML::Value;
+                EmitVec4(out, sl->ambientColor);
+                out << YAML::Key << "Active" << YAML::Value << sl->active;
+                out << YAML::EndMap;
+            }
+
             if (const auto* rb = reg.try_get<ECS::RigidBodyComponent>(e)) {
                 out << YAML::Key << "RigidBody" << YAML::Value
                     << YAML::BeginMap;
@@ -397,8 +412,7 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
     // 文档头 "Scene" 字段（快照无文件名，该字段是注释性的）
     static std::string SerializeDoc(const ECS::Scene& scene,
                                     Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-                                    const std::string& documentName,
-                                    const std::string& environmentPath)
+                                    const std::string& documentName)
     {
         // float32 无损往返需 9 位有效数字（std::numeric_limits
         // <float>::max_digits10）
@@ -410,18 +424,11 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
             out << YAML::Key << "Scene" << YAML::Value << documentName;
         }
         out << YAML::Key << "Version" << YAML::Value << kSceneVersion;
-        if (!environmentPath.empty()) {
-            out << YAML::Key << "Environment" << YAML::Value
-                << environmentPath;
-        }
 
         const auto& s = scene.GetSettings();
         out << YAML::Key << "Settings" << YAML::Value << YAML::BeginMap;
         out << YAML::Key << "ClearColor" << YAML::Value;
         EmitVec4(out, s.ClearColor);
-        out << YAML::Key << "AmbientColor" << YAML::Value;
-        EmitVec4(out, s.AmbientColor);
-        out << YAML::Key << "DrawSkybox" << YAML::Value << s.DrawSkybox;
         out << YAML::EndMap;
 
         out << YAML::Key << "Entities" << YAML::Value << YAML::BeginSeq;
@@ -442,14 +449,12 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
 
     bool SceneSerializer::Serialize(const ECS::Scene& scene,
                                     Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-                                    const std::string& outPath,
-                                    const std::string& environmentPath)
+                                    const std::string& outPath)
     {
         try {
             const std::string doc = SerializeDoc(
                 scene, assets,
-                std::filesystem::path(outPath).stem().string(),
-                environmentPath);
+                std::filesystem::path(outPath).stem().string());
             if (doc.empty()) {
                 return false;   // emit 失败，日志已在 SerializeDoc 打过
             }
@@ -477,11 +482,10 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
     std::string SceneSerializer::SerializeToString(
         const ECS::Scene& scene,
         Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-        const std::string& documentName,
-        const std::string& environmentPath)
+        const std::string& documentName)
     {
         try {
-            return SerializeDoc(scene, assets, documentName, environmentPath);
+            return SerializeDoc(scene, assets, documentName);
         }
         catch (const YAML::Exception& e) {
             ENGINE_ERROR("SceneSerializer: snapshot failed ({})", e.what());
@@ -500,11 +504,8 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
     static bool ParseRoot(ECS::Scene& scene,
                           Assets::AssetManager& assets,
                           const YAML::Node& root,
-                          const std::string& sourceName,
-                          std::string& outEnvironmentPath)
+                          const std::string& sourceName)
     {
-        outEnvironmentPath.clear();
-
         // Version 闸：高版本拒载（结构未知），缺失按 0 宽容旧档
         if (const int version = root["Version"].as<int>(0);
             version > kSceneVersion) {
@@ -513,14 +514,27 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
             return false;
         }
 
-        // 僵尸节点安全：as<T>(fallback) 对缺失键返回 fallback
-        outEnvironmentPath = root["Environment"].as<std::string>("");
-
+        // ---- 旧档 v1 环境语义兼容读（v2 起环境 = 实体组件）----
+        // 僵尸节点安全：as<T>(fallback) 对缺失键返回 fallback；环境
+        // 键仅在真实存在时置位（避免新档误触发兼容建实体）
+        const std::string legacyEnv =
+            root["Environment"].as<std::string>("");
+        bool legacyEnvKey = !legacyEnv.empty();
+        glm::vec4 legacyAmbient{0.07f, 0.07f, 0.09f, 0.0f};
+        bool legacyAmbientKey = false;
+        bool legacyDrawSkybox = true;
+        bool legacySkyboxKey = false;
         if (const YAML::Node st = root["Settings"]; st && st.IsMap()) {
             auto& s = scene.GetSettings();
             s.ClearColor = ReadVec4(st["ClearColor"], s.ClearColor);
-            s.AmbientColor = ReadVec4(st["AmbientColor"], s.AmbientColor);
-            s.DrawSkybox = st["DrawSkybox"].as<bool>(s.DrawSkybox);
+            if (const YAML::Node amb = st["AmbientColor"]) {
+                legacyAmbient = ReadVec4(amb, legacyAmbient);
+                legacyAmbientKey = true;
+            }
+            if (const YAML::Node ds = st["DrawSkybox"]) {
+                legacyDrawSkybox = ds.as<bool>(legacyDrawSkybox);
+                legacySkyboxKey = true;
+            }
         }
 
         // ---- 阶段 1：解析到中间结构（逐实体容错，不动 registry）----
@@ -746,6 +760,39 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
                     }
                 }
             }
+
+            if (const YAML::Node n = comps["Skybox"]) {
+                auto& sb = handle.AddComponent<ECS::SkyboxComponent>();
+                sb.active = n["Active"].as<bool>(true);
+                sb.envPath = n["EnvMap"].as<std::string>("");
+            }
+
+            if (const YAML::Node n = comps["SkyLight"]) {
+                auto& sl = handle.AddComponent<ECS::SkyLightComponent>();
+                sl.ambientColor = ReadVec4(n["Ambient"], sl.ambientColor);
+                sl.active = n["Active"].as<bool>(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ---- 旧档环境兼容迁移：v1 的 Environment/Settings.AmbientColor/
+        // DrawSkybox → 补建一个 Environment 实体（视觉等价）。仅当旧键
+        // 真实存在且实体列表没有环境组件时触发（新档缺省键不触发；
+        // 快照恢复同理——快照里组件已实体化，不走这里）
+        const bool legacyEnvPresent =
+            legacyEnvKey || legacyAmbientKey || legacySkyboxKey;
+        const bool hasEnvComponents =
+            scene.GetRegistry().view<ECS::SkyboxComponent>().size() > 0 ||
+            scene.GetRegistry().view<ECS::SkyLightComponent>().size() > 0;
+        if (legacyEnvPresent && !hasEnvComponents) {
+            auto env = scene.CreateEntity("Environment");
+            auto& sb = env.AddComponent<ECS::SkyboxComponent>();
+            sb.envPath = legacyEnv;
+            sb.active = legacyDrawSkybox;
+            auto& sl = env.AddComponent<ECS::SkyLightComponent>();
+            sl.ambientColor = legacyAmbient;
+            ENGINE_INFO("SceneSerializer: legacy environment migrated to "
+                        "'Environment' entity (env='{}')",
+                        legacyEnv);
         }
 
         // ---- 阶段 3：重链父子（两遍解析：父可能出现在子之后）。
@@ -779,8 +826,7 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
 
     bool SceneSerializer::Deserialize(ECS::Scene& scene,
                                       Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-                                      const std::string& inPath,
-                                      std::string& outEnvironmentPath)
+                                      const std::string& inPath)
     {
         YAML::Node root;
         try {
@@ -796,14 +842,13 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
                          e.what());
             return false;
         }
-        return ParseRoot(scene, assets, root, inPath, outEnvironmentPath);
+        return ParseRoot(scene, assets, root, inPath);
     }
 
     bool SceneSerializer::DeserializeFromString(
         ECS::Scene& scene,
         Assets::AssetManager& assets,
-        const std::string& yamlText,
-        std::string& outEnvironmentPath)
+        const std::string& yamlText)
     {
         YAML::Node root;
         try {
@@ -819,7 +864,7 @@ namespace Engine::Serialization {
                          e.what());
             return false;
         }
-        return ParseRoot(scene, assets, root, "snapshot", outEnvironmentPath);
+        return ParseRoot(scene, assets, root, "snapshot");
     }
 
 } // namespace Engine::Serialization